Climate change - greenhouse effect

 What is the green house effect - A green house effect is the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

Consequences of climate change -

• Climate change by trapping in the heat
• Extream weather
• Sea level rising 
• melting glaciers and warming oceans which can directly harm animals and destroy the places they live.

Possible solution - There are a lot of possible ways to fixing the greenhouse effects, such as using  renewables and other climate-friendly energy resources. (For some examples) include rooftop solar panels, solar water heating, small-scale wind generation, fuel cells powered by natural gas or renewable hydrogen, and geothermal energy.

Ecosystem project - eel

 Today we are making a ecosystem project. We decided to make a populated beach, to design a ecosystem. I will also be telling you facts, that I researched about eels, like their adaptios, movement, and what they eat.

Aim - To present a ecosystem inside the ecosystem.

Equipment -

• Squared cardboard
• Paint/paint brush
• Paper
• Foam
• Sticks

Method - 

1. Get a squared cardboard
2. Paint half the cardboard blue, for the beach.
3. Paint the other half yellow-ish for the sand.
4. Place foams around the ocean, to make it look like rubbish.
5. Make trees on the sand, for animals. 
6. Make an eel.
   

eels: Research

Movement -

 Since they do not have a strong tail fin like a shark, eels swim through the water by moving their whole body like a rolling wave. This movement is called an undulation. Their back  and bottom  fins are elongated along their body to help stabilize the eels as they swim.

Adaptions - 

The almost 200 species of moray eel have many different adaptations, including a snake like a smooth body painted in mucus and no pectoral or pelvic fins. Their camouflaged coloring helps them blend in with their surroundings, which also helps them ambush their prey.

What eels eat - 

Small eels eat a range of invertebrates, including small insect larvae, snails, midges and crustaceans. As their mouths get bigger, they can also eat larger animals such as kōura (freshwater crayfish, also known as kēwai), fish (including smaller eels), small birds and rats.

White island Volcano, nz

Today we will be talking about volcanoes in New Zealnd, and I decided to talk about the Volcano that occured in White island. White Island, commonly known as White Island or Whakaari, is an active andesite stratovolcano situated 48 km from the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand, in the Bay of Plenty. 

White Island is the most active cone volcano, and has been built up by contia solid activity over the past 150,000 years.

The most recent eruption occurred on 9 December 2019, which includes of an explosion that affected the entire crater area, resulting in 21 fatalities and many injuries. 

The volcanoes Ngauruhoe, Tongariro, and White Island are present in a Maori legend. A medicine man named Ngatoro was climbing up Tongariro with a woman named Auruhoe. He told his followers not to eat while he was gone in order to give him strength on top of the cold mountain.

Engeeniring - Lockdown homework

Method on how I marked out my drill gage

1. Use the 300mm steel ruler to measure out how long you want your drill gage to become, then use a scriber to mark it out.

2. Once again, use the steel ruler to measure 10cm at the top of the drill gage. Make sure to mark a line with a scriber.

3. On the line, use the steel ruler to mark the centre of the line, to know where to hammer in the centre punch.

4. Centre punch the centre of the line.

5. Use a divider to round the top of the drill gage. 

6. Lastly use a Engineer’s square to measure

The purpose of each tool

1. Centre punch - The purpose of a centre punch was to make a hole so that you can hang the drill gage wherever you want.

2. Scriber - This is used to mark anything on my project.

3. 300mm steel ruler - The use of the steel ruler is to help me measure the measurements I was ordered to measure.

4. Dividers - The purpose of the divider is to help mark around the top of the drill gage.

After lockdown/covid we will then begin to use the last two tools that we havn't used yet which is a Vernier calipers, and a Micrometer. I will be explaining what they are used for and how they are used...

Vernier calipers: A vernier scale is a visual aid to take an accurate measurement reading between two graduation markings on a linear scale by using mechanical interpolation, thereby increasing resolution and reducing measurement uncertainty by using vernier acuity to reduce human estimation error. 

Micrometer: A micrometer is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for accurate measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other meteorological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers.

Science - lockdown work

 Darwinism - survival of the fittest -

Survival of the fittest is a phrase from Darwinism evolution theory as a way of describing the tool of natural selection. The biological concept of fitness is defined as reproductive success.

Why Genetics disorders occurs -

Gene disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in number or structure of entire chromosomes.

The ethics of cloning -

The ethics of cloning refers to a change of ethical positions as for the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning.  

Volleyball technique - How to make a success pass

 Tips for passing in volleyball -

1. It is best to get your body directly behind the ball and pass the ball from the middle line of your body. Your body should be facing your target while taking a small step with either foot while passing. 

2. Make sure your legs should be wide apart when passing the ball for movement, also so you can move easier and quicker. 

3. Your shoulders should be squared with the oncoming ball, and should be always facing towards the ball in order to deliver a successful pass to your partner.

 It is important to keep your arm relaxed, not stiff when going for a pass, so that your pass can be secure and perfect. If your arms are not relaxed, and are stiff, your pass can go off and it can cause a bad, unsuccessful pass.

DNS Extraction Experiment

 Aim - To extract the DNA from a kiwi fruit.

Method -  

1. Mush half kiwi fruit in a zip lock bag with a splash of water and a small teaspoon of salt
2. Strain the solution through a cloth into a beaker.
3. Add a squirt of dishwashing liquid and stir.
4. Pour into a test tube.
5. Place the test tube in a beaker filled with WARM water.
6. Leave for 10 minute.
7. Slowly pour 5mL of methylated spirits down the inside of the test

Reasults - 

Discussion - Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus, but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochonderia.

DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases.

We humans still share about 60% of the same DNA as humans as bananas.

Conclusion - This experiment was a succes, but next time we could do this differently.